THE IDENTIFICATION MODEL ON SWIMMING ATHLETES SKILL

ТЕОРІЯ І МЕТОДИКА ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ І СПОРТУ No 4/2019 Introduction. The Indonesian government always tries to encourage and create system, model, and program designed to identify and develop the young generation who has talent on sport. The support given by the government is in purpose to deve lop young generation comprehensively, so therefore, can achieve good accomplishments (Cooke, et al., 2010). The successful athletes are the qualified individual in certain physical activity and following long term program planned along several years(Bompa & Carrera, 2015). Moreover, the hard work, commitment and athletes exerci sing which is performed systematically and well programed will lead successfulness of athletes’ successfulness as well. The guidance in finding the talent is the first and basic factor in achieving sport achievement. A good athlete absolutely does not instantly being born with the excellence talent, yet it is found out through routine exercise and guidance. Thus, the screening process in early age will provide to repair the bad pattern in identifying the athletes (Parsonage, et al., 2014) a series of standard fitness tests was conducted. Overall the group’s CSMTs competency ratings were low, but task dependent. The proportion of competent players ranged from 14 % for a single leg squat to 70 % for a double to single leg landing. Players were subsequently grouped based on their CSMTs ratings using cluster analysis. This analysis classified players on features of the CSMT battery that distinguished bet ween groups rather than an arbitrary score. Fitness test scores were then compared between the 3 groups iden-tified. The “geneFahrur Rozi, Hari Setijono, Nining Widyah Kusnanik

ral low competency" group jumped 9.1 cm lo wer (p = 0.0218. Anshel & Lidor (2012) argue that programs which have purpose to predict the successfulness of sport in the future or called as talent detection or talent identification is planned to identify the young athletes which has excellent potential. Afterwards, Russell (1989) and Borms (1996) in Williams & Reilly (2000) state that there are four steps to identify the talent of athletes ( fig. 1): 1. Talent detection refer to the finding of potential athlete which not currently involving in sports.
2. Talent identification refers to the process in knowing the current participant with its potential to be elite athletes.
3. The talent development implies that athletes are provided with appropriate learning environment, so therefore the athletes has chance to realize their own potential. 4. Talent selection involves continuous process to identify the athletes in each of the steps.
According to Vrljic & Mallett (2008), the talent detection refers to the individual quality matching for certain sports. In this step, the individual does not participate in the sports yet. Then, the identification talent step is trying to identify individuals' potential to be professional athletes. The talent identification is often following with the talent selection and refers to the continuous process in every steps which shows the level of performance to be included into team or group.
In another literature, the suggestion that can be proposed dealing with the factor of the athletes' successfulness in talent identification come from several field such as anthropometric, motoric, mental, phy sical quality and contextual (see figure 2). Further, it is recommended that every sport should develop identification program specifically ( Generally, identification system in Indonesia in the current year mostly refers to the system that has been implemented in Australia. The aim of Australia's government in creating Sport Search program is to prepare for both national and international events. The test results are used to predict the athletes' potential in all of sports field. The benefit of Sport Search is the athletes can choose several sports based on their interest. Meanwhile, the lack is that it cannot predict specifically to the field the athletes really suitable on. Several sports have specification and characters, so that the test should be specific to one or two sports. In Indonesia, the swimming sports in Indonesia are currently does not have specific points of test to identify. The talent identification in Indonesia has ever been implemented and developed by Deputy Assistant of Sports Training Minister of Sports Indonesia 2015 which including height (cm), weight (kg), arm length (cm) and foot length (cm) and physical mesurement such as sit and reach test, max swimming sprint (25 m flying start), acceleration swimming ( (Faber, et al., 2012) purpose, 2) the ability and talent identification, 3) literature review, 4) indicator and operational concept, 5) points organization, 6) experts' validation, 7) first testing, 8) second testing, 9) final format (Maksum, 2012).
Afterwards, this research is planned in three periods of time including: 1. Analysis of need, product development, expert validation, practical analysis, effectiveness to obtain anthropometric measurement design products instrument, bio motor test, swimming ability and identification swimming talent; 2. Testing the design products instrument of period 1 with the first sample and thus being analyzed with factor analysis.
3. Testing the design products instrument of period 2 with the second sample and thus being analyzed with factor analysis. The data results ana lyzed with factor analysis and discriminant analysis to obtain equation model and software as Last Test Instrument Product to identify swimming talent.
The research subjects are involving 180 peoples in 7-10 ages. The sample taken using quota sampling technique with the amounts are 60 peop le (30 men and 30 women) from Gresik Regency swimming group for first testing, and 120 peop le (60 men and 60 women) from Sidoarjo and Sura baya as for the second testing. The data is taken from anthropometric, biometric, and swimming ability. Afterwards, the data is analyzed using factor analysis and discriminant analysis using SPSS. The variable or instrument is including 18 items from anthropometric measurement: 1) body weight, 2) height, 3) arm span, 4) foot width, 5) palm width, 6) foot length,7) leg length which also including some bio motor test: 1) sit and reach, 2) pull up, 3) push up, 4) sit up, and 5) standing broad jump. Afterwards, swimming skills tests are 1) floating, 2) gli ding, 3) 15 meters kick board, 4) 15 meters swimming, and 5) swimming 25 meters, 6) 15 minutes swimming.
Result. The research result of period 1 from 18 of research instru-ments is chosen 16 items as Instrument Design Product. The two of instruments which is eliminated is Push Up and 25 meters swimming.
The research result of period-2 with factor analy sis measurement shows that there are two women instruments that being eliminated due to the lack of requirement of factor value < < 0.60 with gli ding = 0.596 and floating = 0.582, meanwhile one of men instrument that is sit and reach = 0.572 is maintained as expert suggestion.
The research result of period-3 based on factor analysis measurement shows that the two men instruments including standing broad jump = 0.052 and gliding 0.522 = are being eliminated. Whereas, sit and reach instrument = 0.581 is maintained in accordance with experts' suggestion. Otherwise, there are no measurement results that being elimi nated for women since all of the instruments are fulfilling the requirement of factor values < 0.60. Afterwards, the measurement using discriminant analysis with p-value (sig) must meet the requirement < 0.05 significant level. Thus, Ha is accep ted and Ho is rejected. The measurement for men in floating instrument = 0.064 and palm width = 0.092 cannot be used. Meanwhile, sit and reach = 0.116 still to be maintained based on experts' suggestion. The instrument for women in weight = 0.107, and foot width = 0.072 is not applied.
The result of period-3 measurement is chosen 12 instruments items as the last product. For men, the test are including weight, height, arm span, leg length, palm width, foot width, sit and reach, pull up, sit up, 15 meters kick board, 15 meters swimming, and 15 minutes swimming. For women, the test are including height, arm span leg length, palm width, foot length, sit and reach, pull up, sit up, standing broad jump, 15 meters kick boards, 15 meters swimming, and 15 minutes swimming.
The measurement result to determine the discri minant equation cam be seen in the Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients as follows (Tabl. 1). Table 1    Then, based on the equation formula above, the most dominant variable value used to predict the difference of other sports and swimming for men is foot length (PTK) and weight (BB) with the coefficients value is 0.124. Meanwhile, for women, the foot length (PTK) with coefficients value is 0.292. Children around 7-10 years old are considered to have good skill in swimming if they can obtain value > -0. 98963 for men and > -0.64565for women, but if the value is < -0.98963 for men and < -0.64565 for women, hence it can be said that the children has talent in other sports rather than swimming.
The variable averages used to differ swimming talent categorization sometimes has the same proximity value, so therefore it can be obtained the amount of sample that include into swimming categorization and non-swimming categorization. The classification of categorization in swimming skill can be described in the Table 2 for men and  Table 3 for women, as bellows: Based on table 2, for men categorization, from 41 swimmers are included into 39 swimmers who have skill in swimming and 2 swimmers are not included to. The length of leg and the width of foot are used to kick and the width of palm is used to paddle the water while swimming. The foot kick has positive effect toward swim velocity. It is also related to the reduction of body slope and resistive obstacle, while the arm action seems not having significant influence (Gourgoulis et al., 2014). Therefore, to interpret the influence of foot kick on propulsion forward, it is need to consider that booster is not merely depend on the driving force of arm and leg, but also on the resistive force within the body. In cross validation, each case is classified by the functions derived from all cases other than that case. c. 81.7% of cross-validated grouped cases correctly classified. The physical instrument test is divided into 2, namely bio motoric test and swimming ability test. In bio motoric test, the vertical jump test was changed into standing long jump test since in swimming the jump movement that goes forward is needed more than the vertical movement, especially in start position and glide movement. According to Papadopoulos et al, a huge distance can be reached as long as the jump is long. This was caused since (1) the horizontal transfer of mass center, (2) the reaction power has bigger result, (3) the reduction on launch angle from the mass center, and (4) the enhancement within the launch velocity from the mass center. Meanwhile in swimming ability test is added with floating test, gliding test and kick board for 15m. Stallman et al claimed that the basic water competition ability, such as floating, diving, swimming under water and swimming technique, is the important aspect of water competition concept (Stallman et al., 2011).

Predicted Group Membership
The result was supported by some previous studies that identified the anthropometric variable as the important predicator in swimming (Bond, et al., 2015;Zuniga et al., 2011;Lätt et al., 2010) and anthropometric characteristic that help coach to predict and follow the swimmer performance (Dokumaci, et al., 2017). The analysis of similar model which has been obtained can be used as an instrument to know the athlete's talent, such as defining whether woman swimmer aged around 7-10 has talent on swimming or other sport branches. For sport teacher, coach, parents and talent hunter can easily know whether the children have talent in swim or other sport branches by doing anthropometric measurement, bio moto ric test and swim ability test, then the result is input to the discriminant similarity formula based on the children gender.
The making of computer software is needed to help sport teachers, coach, parents and talent hun-ter in having valid calculation on knowing children's talent. They can easily input the measurement result and test to the software and start the talent identification. The making of Delphi software called FASTI (FahrurRozi Swimming Talent Identification) is addressed to identify children aged 7-10 years old swimming talent using basic discriminant similarity formula.
Conclusion. The test instrument and measurement that used to identify men swimming athlete's talent are body weight, body height, arm span, leg length, palm width, foot length, sit and reach, . The software that can be used to identify swimming athlete's talent is Delphi software that has been programmed named FASTI (FahrurRozi Swimming Talent Identification).
Suggestion. For further research, the writers suggest to add other factors that related to the swimming athlete's talent identification such as physiology, bio motoric and psychology.